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- <text id=94TT0945>
- <link 94TO0170>
- <title>
- Jul. 18, 1994: Cover:Behavior:Hail to the Hunter
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jul. 18, 1994 Attention Deficit Disorder
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER/BEHAVIOR, Page 48
- Hail to the Hyperactive Hunter
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Why is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder so common? is
- there an evolutionary reason why these traits are found in as
- many as 1 in 20 American youngsters? Such questions have prompted
- intriguing speculation. Harvard psychiatrist John Ratey finds
- no mystery in the prevalence of ADHD in the U.S. It is a nation
- of immigrants who, he notes, "risked it all and left their homelands."
- Characteristics like impulsiveness, high energy and risk taking
- are therefore highly represented in the U.S. gene pool. "We
- have more Nobel laureates and more criminals than anywhere else
- in the world. We have more people who absolutely push the envelope."
- </p>
- <p> But why would adhd have evolved in the first place? Perhaps,
- like the sickle-cell trait, which can help thwart malaria, attention
- deficit confers an advantage in certain circumstances. In Attention
- Deficit Disorder: A Different Perception, author Thom Hartmann
- has laid out a controversial but appealing theory that the characteristics
- known today as adhd were vitally important in early hunting
- societies. They became a mixed blessing only when human societies
- turned agrarian, Hartmann suggests. "If you are walking in the
- night and see a little flash, distractibility would be a tremendous
- asset. Snap decision making, which we call impulsiveness, is
- a survival skill if you are a hunter." For a farmer, however,
- such traits can be disastrous. "If this is the perfect day to
- plant the crops, you can't suddenly decide to wander off into
- the woods."
- </p>
- <p> Modern society, Hartmann contends, generally favors the farmer
- mentality, rewarding those who develop plans, meet deadlines
- and plod through schedules. But there's still a place for hunters,
- says the author, who counts himself as one: they can be found
- in large numbers among entrepreneurs, police detectives, emergency-room
- personnel, race-car drivers and, of course, those who stalk
- the high-stakes jungle known as Wall Street.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-